2 Timothy 3:10,11
Part 1/4 of a Warray Translation
2 Timothy 3:10
NJV. You, though, have followed my teaching, my way of life, my aims, my faith, my patience and my love, my perseverance,
Warray. Pananwuliñpwuy anŋonitjoloŋ, pwok, pwoklulak, pwoktum, pulpuruyu, mulmek, pwokpuruyu;
In the original, all of the nouns are Feminine.
Warray does not have Gender in the same way as Greek.
(It does have a Female, Non-Female distinction, but the former only refers to human women.)
Furthermore, Warray does not allow you to turn verbs into nouns. If you want to create a new noun, you have to start with an existing noun.
you have followed my teaching = pananwuliñpwuy anŋonitjoloŋ
pananwuliñpwuy = you have followed me
anŋonitjoloŋ = teaching
pananwuliñpwuy has four components:
1. pan- = me.
2. an- = you.
3. wuliñ = follow.
4. -pwuy = through, along.
Warray has a complex system for encoding Past, Present and Future Tense. I may, if I remember, discuss it more in a later newsletter.
I built anŋonitjoloŋ teaching from three components:
1. an- = Body Part Prefix.
2. ŋoni = word, language, tribe.
3. antjoloŋ = ripe.
The /an/ in antjoloŋ is also the Body Part Prefix. It appears on most, but not all, words for human body parts.
I added it to *ŋonitjoloŋ because good teaching goes down into your bones, and you act it out in everything that you do.
conduct, purpose, faith = pwok, pwoklulak, pwoktum
pwok = path/track
pwoklulak = purpose
pwoktum = faith
Warray pwok = English track.
They are watching Paul, and can see whether he is walking along the path, or if he is making diversions to the left or the right.
I use pwok track to build pwoklulak purpose and pwoktum faith.
pwoklulak purpose has two parts:
1. pwok = track.
2. lulak = shadow.
pwoktum faith similarly has:
1. pwok = track.
2. antum = eye.
He who has faith seeks to stand in the sight of God, and accept His judgement. From His eye, and indeed His whole face, shines forth radiant light.
When you stand in God’s light, Satan and his minions are behind you and cannot get you.
The same shadow can also be a guide to others. Some will see the shadow and try to hide in it, while others will be able to see past into God’s face.
patience, love, endurance = pulpuruyu, mulmek, pwokpuruyu
pulpuruyu = patience
mulmek = love
pwokpuruyu = endurance
patience comes from Greek makrothumia (μακροθυμία). This has two components:
1. makros = long, far, distant.
2. thumos = anger, passion.
Patience comes from the ability to delay one’s anger until the appropriate moment.
I built pulpuruyu from two components:
1. pul = anger, trouble.
2. puruyu = long, tall.
Consider the Cleansing of the Temple. The outer court was full of people selling unblemished doves, oxen etc…
However, by the time of Jesus, this was a racket, with the priests and merchants scratching each other’s backs. The outer court was so full that the Samaritans could not worship in the Second Temple, there was simply no space for them.
When used properly at the right moments, anger can indeed make a person taller, and allow everyone in that community to stand a little straighter.
Warray mulmek = English love, liking.
I built pwokpuruyu from pwok track and puruyu long.
KJV. But thou hast fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, longsuffering, charity, patience,
Warray. Pananwuliñpwuy anŋonitjoloŋ, pwok, pwoklulak, pwoktum, pulpuruyu, mulmek, pwokpuruyu;
2 Timothy 3:11
NJV. and the persecutions and sufferings that came to me in places like Antioch, Iconium and Lystra – all the persecutions I have endured; and the Lord has rescued me from every one of them.
Warray. panpapukaŋi, panpakuwiñ Purapiñkulik, Tumantulik, Pulpeklik. Panpapupukaŋi, panpakukuwiñ, mutakyaŋ Kutaŋ panwukmi.
and the persecutions and the sufferings that came to me = panpapukaŋi, panpakuwiñ
panpapukaŋi = they chased me
panpakuwiñ = they bound me
persecution comes from Greek diōgmos (διωγμός) chase, pursuit, persecution.
panpapukaŋi has three components:
1. pan- = me
2. pa- = they
3. pukaŋi = chase.
suffering comes from Greek paschō (πάσχω) to be acted upon, to be treated in a certain way (good or bad).
panpakuwiñ has three components:
1. pan- = me.
2. pa- = they
3. kuwiñ = tie up.
I turned these into verbs because I could not figure out how to write them as nouns.
in Antioch, Iconium and in Lystra = Purapiñkulik, Tumantulik, Pulpeklik
Purapiñkulik = in Antioch
Antioch comes from Greek Antiocheia (Αντιόχεια). This has two components:
1. anti- = opposite, anti.
2. echo = to have, to hold.
Greek antechō (αντεχω) = English to support, to hold against.
However, this does not mean the same as resist or withstand.
The Greek anti (αντι) is the origin of the English anti.
However, the Greek is much broader than the English.
In fact, while the Greek can be adversarial, it is far more often a complementary relationship.
You can translate Antioch as “The City that has your back”.
I created Purapiñku Antioch from two components:
1. pura = boomerang.
2. piñku = left-handed.
The left-handed boomerang covers the area that the right-handed boomerang cannot.
If two boomerang throwers, one right- and the other left-handed team up, who can stop them?
Tumantulik = in Iconium
Iconium comes from the Greek eikōn (εικών) image, statue, likeness, representation.
I built Tumantu Iconium from two parts:
1. tum = short for antum.
2. antum = eye.
Why have I gone for “eyes”?
Look at this icon of the Virgin Mary:
Look at the eyes.
They are very large, a lot larger than on a human face.
The Iconographer wrote them this way on purpose. The eyes are large because she is looking at you, and she is inviting you to look at her.
In some icons, the saint has large eyes. In other icons, the eyes are very small.
Eyes are the window to the soul, and are often written out of scale to draw you eye.
Pulpeklik = in Lystra
Unfortunately, the meaning and origin of the name Lystra have been lost.
Thus, we have to try and figure out how it sounded to the Greek ear. There are several possibilities.
One is luō (λυω) loose, unbind.
This becomes lutroō (λυτροω) pay a ransom, be freed by ransom.
Another is lussētēr (λυσσητηρ) man who is raging mad.
I created Pulpek Lystra from two components:
1. pul = anger, trouble.
2. mulmek = love.
Mark 12:30-31 KJV
[Jesus said:] And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength. This is the first commandment.
And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.
Anger is fear turned outwards, and Fear is the beginning of knowledge of the Lord.
what manner of persecutions I endured = panpapupukaŋi, panpakukuwiñ
panpakakaŋi = they chased me
panpakukuwiñ = they bound me
panpapupukaŋi has three components:
1. panpa- = they did to me.
2. pu = reduplication of pukaaŋi.
3. pukaŋi = chase.
Unfortunately, by the time that Merlan got around to writing her grammar of Warray, the last surviving speakers had forgotten a lot.
This progress of Language Death affected especially their understanding of Reduplication.
To simplify, Verbal Reduplication indicates Repetition (among other thing).
panpakukuwiñ has three components:
1. panpa- = they did to me.
2. ku = reduplication of kuwiñ.
3. kuwiñ = bind, tie up.
Earlier, I defined pan- and pa- separately, but here I treat panpa- as a single Prefix.
I do this because some Warray Prefixes tell you both Subject and Object, and cannot be divided. We will not see these in this series.
out of all this the Lord delivered me = mutakyaŋ Kutaŋ panwukmi
mutakyaŋ = out of danger
Kutaŋ = the Lord
panwukmi = He delivered me
the Lord comes from Greek ho kurios (ο κύριος) lord, master, sir.
The original Kutaŋ (also called Kataitja) was a man who wore emu feathers on his feet. He used to kill people and take their kidney fat.
The same word also means clever fellow in general and native doctor in particular.
panwukmi has two components:
1. pan- = me.
2. wukmi = carry.
There is no Prefix for he nor she.
There is no Prefix for him nor her.
When a verb comes along and it seems to lack Prefixes, the absence still speaks.
KJV. Persecutions, afflictions, which came unto me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; what persecutions I endured: but out of them all the Lord delivered me.
Warray. panpakaŋi, panpakuwiñ Purapiñkulik, Tumantulik, Pulpeklik. Panpapupukaŋi, panpakukuwiñ, mutakyaŋ Kutaŋ panwukmi.